Development of the industry in imperial Russia in the first Half XIX century urgently demanded improvement existing and the organizations New transport communications(connections). Necessity of creation of railways was obvious. And still construction of them persistently restrained. Representatives grown decrepit Serf system on which the imperial government leaned(based), were afraid, That railways, promoting development of capitalist attitudes(relations), will shake Bases of an old regime, and, probably, will result and in change political Authorities in feudal Russia.
        Feudal lords - landlords were supported by those who in railways Saw the strong contender. It - large извозопромышленники and The shipowners taking huge arrived from the Russian impassability and Incredibly severe operation of moving men, loaders, barge haulers.
        the Imperial government, reflecting first of all interests of landowners - landlords, It was easily reconciled with wretchedness of transport system in the country. It a little Has changed the attitude(relation) to iron roads only after defeat in Crimean To war which once again has shown banefulness for Russia its(her) century Backwardness. Therefore the first railways in Russia were under construction the main thing In the image from strategic reasons.
        the Big interest of the public has caused published in 1838 To year in magazine " Son of fatherland " A.Pravdina's clause(article) " About iron and face Roads of Russia " [1]. In it(her) the author proved necessity of continuation of construction The begun line of St. Petersburg - Moscow in a direction of Serpukhov, Tula, Kharkiv And further to Black sea. Year after in A.Safonovym's same magazine was published The project of a network of the railways, including alongside with others of a direction: Tambov - Voronezh - Kharkiv; Moscow - Tula - Kharkiv [2].
        the Known Russian engineer of item. Item. Millers in 1844 has offered The civil-engineering design so-called " prime railways " general(common) In the extent five or six thousand kilometers to which it was referred And a line Moscow - Kharkiv - Sevastopol [3]. This project was authorized only After years. After long altercations has met with approval and the project of a construction The Kharkiv - Sevastopol line, and also a number(line) of other directions of the future Southern Highways. In development of railway construction of Russia was two periods Enormous rise: the end 60 (and the beginning 70) years and second half 90th years. With 1865 on 1875 an average annual gain Russian railway Networks made 1,5 thousand kilometers, and with 1893 on 1897 - about(near) 2,5 thousand. Kilometers [4].
        the History of occurrence of Southern road is closely connected to construction The first in Ukraine a railway line Odessa - Балта. Right after her(it) Constructions have arisen disputes on in what direction to continue this line. One offered to Kiev, others - to Kharkiv. In 60th years of the last century Kharkiv already was the large centre of the industry of the south of Russia. Important The role in it has played his(its) affinity to Donbas and Криворожью. Alongside with деревообрабатывающей, Tobacco, chemical, суконно-woolen, confectionery, пивоваренной entered In build the enterprises metalcutting and a machine engineering industry.
        More than 80 days in one year proceeded fairs - крещенская, троицкая, успенская, окровская, St. Petersburg widely known among the trading world, Moscow, Baltics, Suzdal, Tula, Kiev, Crimea, Приазовья, large приволжских Cities, Poland, Moldova and even Turkey. From different directions carried the goods. Kharkiv Required an output(exit) to the sea. And as from all seaports of that time The most advanced and brisk was Одеса, necessity of connection Her(it) with Moscow became obvious.
        Kiev was of great importance as shopping center, had set The enterprises food and light industry. It(he) was large river port, And also important agricultural area. Thus, realization The railway through Kiev which would connect it(him) with Moscow and port Odessa, Too was rather expedient. That is why discussion about a choice of a direction Has accepted such sharp character.
        So, in 1864 the decision on construction of a line was accepted Odessa - Балта. The state treasury has allocated the capital at the rate of 45 thousand Roubles on verst. 9000 soldier and prisoners of civil department were Are driven to a place of work. Construction went on those times rather quickly, And already start-up by the first on Ukraines roads(are dear, expensive) Odessas December, 5, 1865 was held - Балта. Soon the imperial government has made the decision: the roads begun From Moscow up to Serpukhov and some other to build means of treasury. With The parties(sides) of Serpukhov the line has gone to Tula, Orel, Kursk and Kharkiv, and from Балты - To Kremenchug and Kharkiv.
        faster to connect Kursk to Taganrog through Donetsk pool, Ministry of Railways has decided to give out the certificate on concession Kharkiv To zemstvo. Tenders were declared. The least cost of works has declared With. With. Poles. In 1863 the concession on construction also was submitted to it(him) Lines Kursk - Kharkiv - Taganrog - Rostov. According to the contract the contractor Undertook to buy for construction only Russian rails, and mobile Structure at factories which to it(him) will be specified. Simultaneously the government Has given Полякову the loan at a rate of 9 million roubles.
        Yellowed pages of " the Moscow sheets " tell about session The Kharkiv municipal duma where the question on a choice of a place for the first time was discussed The future railway station and station. Duma has come to a conclusion, that a place " близ Cold Mountain... The most favourable and convenient. This district is close to To city centre... It is not required any costs on the adaptation of ways To this district as she(it) adjoins to going already highway to the centre ai?iaa" [5].
        the First train has arrived to Kharkiv July, 6, 1869.
        Lingering hooter has broken off morning silence and an echo far has responded On Cold Mountain. At station the set of people has gathered. The most courageous Have expressed desire to sweep on "чугунке" - so in people referred to then Railways. Cars in a trice were filled with passengers. A steam locomotive, hissing and Puffing, it was set from a place, carrying away for itself passenger structure from nine Cars. So movement of trains on a site Kursk - Kharkiv began. By the end 1869 the line Kharkiv - Rostov was completed also.
        In Kharkiv for repair of a rolling stock were constructed locomotive And carload workshops, primitive devices for supply of locomotives Coal and water.
        To this time construction of road from Балты came to an end Up to Kremenchug. Works were conducted simultaneously on all sites. Were constructed Railway bridges through the rivers Kolomak, Тагамлык, Ворскла, Псел. Were under construction Stations, travelling boxes. On water meadows of left coast Ворсклы it was filled Earthen cloth.